Table 5 Fit statistics of measurement invariance stages by gender

Psychological

Structural

81.9

4

20.47

.98

.95

.98

.025

.129(.11–.15)

–

–

–

H₀ Accept

Metric

85.93

8

10.74

.98

.97

.98

.033

.091(.074–.011)

0

.008

−.038

H₀ Accept

Scalar

169.63

15

11.03

.96

.97

.96

.046

.94(.064–.100)

−.02

.021

−.811

H₀ Reject

Educational

Structural

75.86

4

18.96

.98

.95

.98

.026

.124(.10–.15)

–

–

–

H₀ Accept

Metric

82.82

8

10.35

.98

.97

.98

.036

.089(.073–.11)

0

.010

−.035

H₀ Accept

Scalar

146.20

15

9.74

.97

.98

.97

.031

.086(.074–.099)

−.01

.005

−.038

H₀ Accept

Strict

203.95

19

10.73

.95

.97

.96

.056

.091(.080–.10)

−.02

.030

−.033

H₀ Reject

Social

Structural

195.91

4

48.97

.96

.88

.96

.049

.202(.18–.23)

–

–

–

H₀ Accept

Metric

220.61

8

27.57

.96

.94

.96

.054

.151(.13–.17)

0

.005

−.051

H₀ Accept

Scalar

287.66

15

19.17

.94

.96

.95

.070

.125(.11–.14)

.01

.021

−.077

H₀ Accept

Strict

317.81

19

16.72

.94

.96

.94

.079

.116(.10–.13)

.02

.030

−.086

H₀ Reject

Physical

Structural

166.68

8

20.83

.97

.96

.97

.047

.130(.11–.15)

–

–

–

H₀ Accept

Metric

199.89

12

16.65

.96

.97

.97

.10

.116(.10–.13)

0

.053

−.014

H₀ Accept

Scalar

338.64

19

18.82

.94

.96

.94

.12

.120(.11–.13)

−.03

.073

−.010

H₀ Reject

Aesthetic

Structural

195.47

4

48.86

.95

.85

.95

.051

.202(.18–.23)

–

–

–

H₀ Accept

Metric

199.35

8

24.91

.95

.93

.95

.056

.143(.13–.16)

0

.005

−.059

H₀ Accept

Scalar

596.84

19

31.41

.84

.90

.84

.15

.161(.15–.17)

−.11

.099

−.041

H₀ Reject

Relaxation

Structural

61.14

8

7.64

.99

.99

.99

.029

.075(.058–.093)

–

–

–

H₀ Accept

Metric

92.99

12

7.74

.98

.99

.99

.089

.076(.062–.091)

0

.060

.001

H₀ Accept

Scalar

303.67

19

15.98

.94

.97

.95

.10

.113(.10–.12)

−.04

.071

.038

H₀ Reject