Table 9 Loadings of the 15 specific components on the four broad components of the final model

Motivation

Intrinsic goal orientation

.42*

α = .86

Ωh = .46

Extrinsic goal orientation

−.12*

Task value

.36*

Control of learning beliefs

.52*

Self-efficacy for learning and performance

.80*

Test anxiety

−.40*

Learning strategies

Rehearsal

.72*

α = .81

Ωh = .86

Elaboration

.76*

Organization

.91*

Critical thinking

.00

Metacognitive self-regulation

.46*

Regulation strategies

Time and study environment

.78*

α = .91

Ωh = .76

Effort regulation

.78*

Social strategies

Peer learning

.91*

α = .84

Ωh = .90

Help seeking

.91*