Metacognitive interventions in text production and working memory in students with ADHD

Pisacco, Nelba Maria Teixeira; Sperafico, Yasmini Lais Spindler; Enricone, Jacqueline Raquel Bianchi; Guimarães, Luciano Santos Pinto; Rohde, Luis Augusto; Dorneles, Beatriz Vargas

doi:10.1186/s41155-017-0081-9

Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica

Psychology: Research and Review

Table 2 Results of GEE and effect size for written expression measures of NTPT with significant differences

From: Metacognitive interventions in text production and working memory in students with ADHD

Variables	Time	Mean score								ES	p value
		IG-Combined			IG-WM			General			Group	Time	Interaction
		Mean		SE	Mean		SE	Mean	SE		Group	Time	Interaction
Textual articulation^a	1	1.7	aA	0.1	1.8	aA	0.2	1.8	0.11	0.09	0.009	< 0.001	0.002
	2	3.1	bA	0.2	2.3	bB	0.2	2.7	0.12	1.0
	3	2.7	cA	0.2	2.0	abB	0.2	2.3	0.12	0.8
	General	2.5		0.12	2.0		0.14
Elements of the narrative^a	1	4.6		0.3	4.3		0.2	4.5a	0.2	0.22	0.018	< 0.001	0.448
	2	6.0		0.2	5.2		0.3	5.6b	0.2	0.83
	3	5.7		0.2	4.9		0.2	5.3b	0.2	0.69
	General	5.4	A	0.2	4.8	B	0.2
Denouement^b	1	0.8	aA	0.09	0.61	aA	0.1	0.68	0.07	0.3	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
	2	1	bA	0	0.87	aA	0.07	1	0	0.5
	3	1	bA	0	0.85	aB	0.08	0	0	3.4
	Geral	0.9		0	0.8		0.04
Planning errors^a	1	3.0		0.7	2.7		0.6	2.8	0.4	0.1	0.646	< 0.001	0.112
	2	2.0		0.4	2.9		0.5	2.4	0.3	0.4
	3	1.2		0.3	1.3		0.3	1.2	0.2	0.03
	General	1.9		0.3	2.1		0.4
Text extension^a	1	63.1		12.5	62.4		9.7	62.7	7.9	0.01	0.685	< 0.001	0.822
	2	89.3		7.7	86.6		9.2	87.9	6.0	0.06
	3	65.5		8.3	56.9		7.7	61.1	5.7	0.2
	General	71.7		8.6	67.5		6.1
Morphosyn-tactic errors^a	1	3.5		0.5	4.7		0.6	4.1	0.4	0.4	0.243	0.024	0.699
	2	5.1		0.7	5.8		0.8	5.4	0.5	0.2
	3	3.8		0.5	4.2		0.6	4.0	0.4	0.2
	General	4.1		0.4	4.8		0.5
Presentation errors^a	1	7.7		1.0	9.4		1.2	8.5	0.8	0.3	0.137	0.001	0.317
	2	11.2		1.5	18.0		4.9	14.2	2.1	0.4
	3	8.0		1.1	7.9		1.3	7.9	0.9	0.01
	General	8.8		0.8	11.0		1.3
Words/Clauses^c	1	5.5	aA	0.2	6.0	aB	0.2	5.7	0.2	0.6	0.580	0.265	0.030
	2	5.6	aA	0.2	5.3	bA	0.1	5.5	0.1	0.5
	3	5.6	aA	0.3	5.7	abA	0.3	5.6	0.2	0.09
	General	5.6		0.1	5.7		0.2
Paragraph^c	1	1.8	aA	0.1	1.4	aB	0.1	1.6	0.1	0.6	< 0.001	0.002	0.031
	2	2.5	bA	0.2	1.5	aB	0.1	2.0	0.1	1.3
	3	2.1	abA	0.2	1.5	aB	0.1	1.8	0.1	0.8
	General	2.1		0.1	1.5		0.1
Punctuation^c	1	1.8		0.1	1.6		0.2	1.7	0.1	0.3	0.002	0.681	0.401
	2	2.0		0.1	1.5		0.1	1.8	0.1	0.8
	3	2.0		0.1	1.5		0.1	1.7	0.1	0.9
	General	1.9	A	0.1	1.5	B	0.1
Revision^c	1	11.8		2.6	8.37		1.3	10.1	1.5	0.3	0.004	< 0.001	0.198
	2	23.8		3.6	13.1		2.4	18.5	2.1	0.7
	3	23.2		4.2	11.9		2.2	17.6	2.3	0.7
	General	19.6	A	2.5	11.1	B	1.5

Time: 1: pretest; 2: immediate posttest; 3: deferred post-test; general: mean between evaluation times. Different lowercase letters represent statistically different mean values, by comparing time and setting group. Different uppercase letters represent statistically different mean values, by comparing groups and setting times
IG-Combined combined intervention group, IG-WM Working Memory Intervention Group, SE standard error, ES effect size
^aPoisson distribution
^bBinary logit distribution
^cNormal distribution

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