A cross-sectional study of the association between exposure to violence, intelligence, and executive function in Brazilian youths

Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica

Psychology: Research and Review

Table 1 Demographic data (n = 56)

Parent/guardian schooling, (n = 54; 96.4%). Socioeconomic strata (n = 52; 92.9%) are based on a score derived from the Brazilian Association of Research Companies (ABEP) questionnaire. Using up-to-date (2020) strata, class D household earnings are, on average, between BRL $2090 and 4180 (roughly, US $380 to 760, as of June 2022 exchange rate); class C household earnings, from BRL $4180 to 10,450 for its C1 and C2 subdivisions (roughly, US $760 to 2000, as of June 2022 exchange rate); and class B, in their turn, BRL $10,450 to 20,900 (roughly, US $2000 to 4000, as of June 2022 exchange rate). According to the World Bank poverty line, D and most C families would be in extreme poverty. In a household of four, lower-income D class families earn approximately US $3.1 per head, per day; lower-income C families, about US $6.3 per head, per day; for reference, the World Bank poverty line for upper-middle-income countries is US $6.85, per head, per day (World Bank, 2022)