Psychology: Research and Review
Task | Time 1 grade | N | Mean (SD) | Max. T | Skew | Kurtosis |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time 1 | ||||||
Word reading | 2nd/3rd | 85 | 9.6 (6.0) | 25 | 0.04 | − 1.15 |
4th/5th | 77 | 16.9 (4.7) | 25 | − 0.54 | 0.06 | |
Morphological awareness | 2nd/3rd | 85 | 6.6 (2.7) | 12 | − 0.38 | − 0.47 |
4th/5th | 77 | 9.1 (2.0) | 12 | − 0.86 | 0.87 | |
Phonological awareness | 2nd/3rd | 85 | 6.2 (2.5) | 10 | − 0.39 | − 0.54 |
4th/5th | 77 | 7.2 (2.2) | 10 | − 0.75 | − 0.01 | |
Phonological working memory | 2nd/3rd | 85 | 10.5 (2.0) | 30 | 0.76 | 1.47 |
4th/5th | 77 | 11.6 (2.5) | 30 | 0.60 | − 0.10 | |
Nonverbal IQ | 2nd/3rd | 85 | 28.1 (4.3) | 36 | − 0.40 | − 0.35 |
4th/5th | 77 | 30.4 (3.3) | 36 | − 0.97 | 1.00 | |
Time 2 | ||||||
Word reading | 2nd/3rd | 85 | 13.4 (5.3) | 25 | − 0.12 | − 0.70 |
4th/5th | 77 | 18.0 (3.8) | 25 | − 0.11 | − 0.82 | |
Morphological awareness | 2nd/3rd | 85 | 8.4 (2.3) | 12 | − 0.35 | − 0.50 |
4th/5th | 77 | 9.7 (2.1) | 12 | − 0.87 | 0.19 | |
Phonological awareness | 2nd/3rd | 85 | 7.5 (2.3) | 10 | − 0.91 | 0.20 |
4th/5th | 77 | 7.7 (2.0) | 10 | − 1.12 | 1.85 |