Scoping review of 30 years of suicide prevention in university students around the world: efficacy, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness

Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica

Psychology: Research and Review

Table 3 Summary of short-term results by strategy

Strategy	Tracked by	Primary study	Components	Audience	Outcomes
Strategy	Tracked by	Primary study	Components	Audience	Knowledge of suicide	Knowledge of suicide prevention	Self-efficacy in suicide prevention	Attitudes towards suicide	Behavioral intent
Psychoeducation	Harrod et al., 2014	Abbey 1989		Students	Increase	Increase	Small and non-significant increase
		Abbey, 1989	Experiential and didactic		Increased more than the experiential
		Holdwick, 2000	Motivational enhancement				Effect size a little larger in relation to the didactic and experiential components
Gatekeeper	Harrod et al., 2014	Drabek, 1991	Experiential and didactic	Faculty and staff	Increase	No evidence of effect		No evidence of effect
		Shipley, 2003		Students (volunteers and non-volunteers)	Increase in general	Increase	Small non-statistically significant effect	No evidence of effect
		Shipley, 2003		Volunteer student	Greater increase related to control	Greater increase in relation to control and non-voluntary	Small non-statistically significant difference between v and nv compared with students who did not receive training	Slight difference, not statistically significant between v and nv compared to control
	Harrod et al., 2014	Pasco et al., 2012	Experiential and didactic	Peer counselors		Moderate increase	Increase
	Harrod et al., 2014	Tompkins & Witt, 2009	Does not inform	Peer counselors
	Yonemoto et al., 2019	Tompkins & Witt, 2009		Peer counselors			Increase		Increase
	Kutcher et al., 2017	Mellanby et al., 2010		Students					Moderate increase
	Wolitzky-Taylor et al., 2019	All			Increase		Increase