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Psychology: Research and Review

Table 4 The final model of the variance in behavior problems explained by character strengths after controlling demographic factors

From: Character strengths as protective factors against behavior problems in early adolescent

  

ΔR2

β

t

p

VIF

Conduct problem

Step1: Demographic factors

0.04*

    

Step2: Character strengths

0.22***

    

 Leadership

 

−0.20

−2.14

0.033

3.00

 Self-regulation

 

−0.31

−3.86

< 0.001

2.38

Summary

     

R2

0.27

    

 Adjust R2

0.19

    

Learning problem

Step1: Demographic factors

0.03*

    

Step2: Character strengths

0.19***

    

 Perseverance

 

−0.28

−2.40

0.017

4.86

 Self-regulation

 

−0.21

−2.52

0.012

2.38

Summary

     

R2

0.23

    

 Adjust R2

0.15

    

Psychosomatic

Step1: Demographic factors

0.02

    

Step2: Character strengths

0.14*

    

 Hope

 

0.34

3.30

0.001

3.55

 Zest

 

−0.23

−2.20

0.029

3.63

Summary

     

R2

0.16

    

 Adjust R2

0.08

    

Impulsive-hyperactive

Step1: Demographic factors

0.03*

    

Step2: Character strengths

0.18***

    

 Hope

 

0.21

2.04

0.042

3.55

 Humility

 

−0.14

−2.00

0.045

1.70

 Leadership

 

−0.19

−2.07

0.039

3.00

 Self-regulation

 

−0.33

−4.03

< 0.001

2.38

Summary

     

R2

0.21

    

 Adjust R2

0.13

    

Hyperactive index

Step1: Demographic factors

0.04*

    

Step2: Character strengths

0.19***

    

 Hope

 

0.22

2.24

0.026

3.55

 Self-regulation

 

−0.34

−4.11

< 0.001

2.38

Summary

     

R2

0.22

    

 Adjust R2

0.15

    
  1. VIF variance inflation factors
  2. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001 in F change statistics. Only variables that showed independent contributions were presented, p < 0.05