Psychology: Research and Review
Table 1 Studies with evidence of self-handicapping scale validity
Authors (year) | Sample | Method | Results | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Self-Handicapping Scale (SHS) Jones and Rhodewalt (1982) | Rhodewalt et al. (1984) | 27 university students 32 athletes | Internal consistency (Cronbach’s α) Test-retest reliability | α = 0.78 r = 0.74 |
Strube (1986) | 168 university students | Cronbach’s α Extraction of principal components (PCA) | α = 0.62 6 one-dimensional factors 10 items | |
Akın (2012) | 585 university students | Cronbach’s α Test-retest EFA AFC | 0.90 0.94 1 factor Good fit | |
Clarke and MacCann (2016) | 484 university students | Parallel analysis EFA (MLE) CFA | 2 factors (internal and external) Acceptable fit for 13 items | |
350 university students | Cronbach’s α CFA | 0.97 Acceptable fit for 25 items | ||
Barutçu Yıldırım and Demir (2019) Version: Akın (2012) | 801 university students | Cronbach’s α | 0.74 | |
Jensen and Deemer (2020) | 946 university students | Cronbach’s α (2 factors ) | Internal 0.76 External 0.72 | |
Şahin and Çoban (2020) Version: Akın (2012) | 981 university students | Cronbach’s α CFA | 0.60 Good fit for 1 factor | |
Karami et al. (2020) | 360 university students | Cronbach’s α | 0.80 |