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Psychology: Research and Review

Table 1 MTL-BR tasks in which statically differences where found between NFE and LE groups

From: Language skills differences between adults without formal education and low formal education

MTL-BR

Group

Mean

Standard deviation

Median

Minimum

Maximum

pa

Auditory comprehension

NFE

14.93

1.87

16.00

11.00

18.00

.007*

LE

16.80

1.35

17.00

14.00

19.00

Oral narrative discourse

NFE

81.40

44.05

77.50

26.00

192.00

.001*

LE

40.73

17.42

35.50

14.00

87.00

Repetition

NFE

31.27

1.64

32.00

25.00

33.00

.001*

LE

32.73

0.69

33.00

30.00

33.00

Phonological/orthographic verbal fluency

NFE

4.37

4.05

3.50

0.00

16.00

< .001*

LE

9.80

4.34

10.00

2.00

21.00

Number dictation

NFE

3.97

1.35

4.00

1.00

6.00

.010*

LE

5.10

0.71

5.00

4.00

6.00

Reading of numbers

NFE

4.23

1.01

4.00

2.00

6.00

< .001*

LE

5.20

0.61

5.00

4.00

6.00

Numerical calculation

NFE

3.00

1.36

3.00

0.00

7.00

< .001*

LE

5.83

3.22

6.00

0.00

12.00

  1. Note: NFE non-formal education group, LE low-educated group
  2. ap value controlling for effect of “age” factor*Statistically significant value at 5% level (p ≤ .05)