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Psychology: Research and Review

Table 3 Goodness-of-fit measurement invariance tests for PS-US

From: Factorial validity and measurement invariance of the Psychosocial Uncertainty Scale

Invariance level

Definition

Model

χ2

df

Δ χ2

Δ df

p

CFI

RMSEA

Δ CFI

Δ RMSEA

Δ SRMR

Multi-group invariance tests comparing samples used for CFA1 and CFA2

 Configural invariance

Same factor structure

M1

157

62

   

.96

.045

   

 Metric invariance

Same factor structure and factor loadings

M2-M1

159

69

2.39

7

.94

.96

.041

.002

< .015

< .005

 Scalar invariance

Same factor structure, factor loadings and intercepts

M3-M2

178

79

18.7

10

.05

.95

.040

− .004

< .015

< .005

 Error variance invariance

Same factor structure, factor loadings and error variances

M4-M3

185

85

7.50

6

.28

.95

.039

− .001

< .015

< .005

 Structural invariance

Same factor structure, factor loadings, error variances and factors’ covariance

M5-M4

192

95

6.80

10

.74

.95

.037

.002

<  .015

< .005

Multi-group invariance tests for Gender (using samples CFA1 and CFA2)

 Configural invariance

Same factor structure

M1

131

62

   

.97

.038

   

 Metric invariance

Same factor structure and factor loadings

M2-M1

135

69

4.66

7

.70

.97

.036

.001

< .015

< .005

 Scalar invariance

Same factor structure, factor loadings and intercepts

M3-M2

184

79

49

10

< .001

.95

.042

− .019

<  .015

<  .005

 Error variance invariance

Same factor structure, factor loadings and error variances

M4-M3

193

85

9.07

6

.17

.95

.041

− .001

<  .015

<  .005

 Structural invariance

Same factor structure, factor loadings, error variances and factors’ covariance

M5-M4

214

95

20.8

10

.02

.94

.041

−.006

< .015

< .005

Multi-group invariance tests for Sociocultural Level–SCL (using samples CFA1 and CFA2)

 Configural invariance

Same factor structure

M1

177

93

   

.96

.034

   

 Metric invariance

Same factor structure and factor loadings

M2-M1

192

107

15

14

.38

.96

.032

.00

< .015

< .005

 Scalar invariance

Same factor structure, factor loadings and intercepts

M3-M2

230

127

38

20

.01

.95

.033

− .01

< .015

< .005

 Error variance invariance

Same factor structure, factor loadings and error variances

M4-M3

258

139

28

12

.01

.94

.034

− .01

< .015

< .005

 Structural invariance

Same factor structure, factor loadings, error variances and factors’ covariance

M5-M4

287

161

29

22

.15

.94

.032

.00

< .015

< .005

Multi-group Invariance tests for students versus professionals (using samples CFA1 and CFA2)

 Configural invariance

Same factor structure

M1

147

62

   

.96

.042

   

 Metric invariance

Same factor structure and factor loadings

M2-M1

149

69

2

7

.97

.96

.039

.002

< .015

< .005

 Scalar invariance

Same factor structure, factor loadings and intercepts

M3-M2

199

79

50

10

< .001

.94

.045

− .018

< .015

< .005

 Error variance invariance

Same factor structure, factor loadings and error variances

M4-M3

202

85

3

6

.74

.94

.043

.002

< .015

< .005

 Structural invariance

Same factor structure, factor loadings, error variances and factors’ covariance

M5-M4

222

96

20

11

.04

.94

.042

−.003

< .015

< .005