Psychology: Research and Review
Variable | Prior to UC intervention (n = 16) | Prior to CM intervention (n = 16) | p value1 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | Mean ± SD | n (%) | Mean ± SD | ||
Age (years) | 37.3 ± 8.4 | 37.9 ± 8.7 | 0.838 | ||
Male | 14 (87.5) | 14 (87.5) | 1.000 | ||
Education (years of schooling) | 10.1 ± 3.3 | 9.3 ± 3.3 | 0.590 | ||
Unemployment | 11 (68.8) | 13 (81.2) | 0.500 | ||
Homelessness | 3 (18.8) | 4 (25.0) | 1.000 | ||
Age at onset of crack use (years) | 24.7 ± 8.4 | 23.9 ± 8.6 | 0.777 | ||
Duration of crack use (years) | 12.6 ± 7.8 | 14 ± 6.8 | 0.542 | ||
Has slept on the streets due to crack use | 6 (37.5) | 8 (50.0) | 0.250 | ||
Has been to Crackland* | 14 (87.5) | 12 (75.5) | 0.500 | ||
History of inpatient treatment | 14 (87.5) | 14 (87.5) | 1.000 | ||
Number of previous treatment attempts | 4.6 ± 5.4 | 4.8 ± 4.1 | 0.918 | ||
Positive crack cocaine urine sample at baseline | 9 (56.3) | 6 (37.5) | 0.727 | ||
Alcohol dependence | 9 (56.3) | 9 (56.3) | 1.000 | ||
Multiple substance dependence | 12 (75.0) | 12 (75.0) | 1.000 | ||
Psychotic symptoms, n (%) | 10 (62.5) | 10 (62.5) | 1.000 | ||
Beck Depression Inventory-II score | 23.8 ± 12.6 | 20.3 ± 12.1 | 0.493 | ||
Beck Anxiety Inventory score | 21.0 ± 14.0 | 23.1 ± 11.9 | 0.694 |