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Table 1 Descriptive and inferential statistics of data for the CG (n = 34) and EG (n = 54)
| CG (%) | EG (%) | X 2 | df | p | ||
| Gender | Female | 70.6 | 88.9 | 3.54 | 1 | .06 |
| Male | 29.4 | 11.1 | ||||
| Educational level | Up to high school | 52.9 | 42.6 | 0.530 | 1 | .467 |
| Above high school | 47.1 | 57.4 | ||||
| Retirement type | By age | 23.5 | 9.3 | 3.42 | 2 | .18 |
| Time of service | 55.9 | 68.5 | ||||
| Especial | 20.6 | 22.2 | ||||
| PRPs | Yes | 2.9 | 16.7 | 2.659 | 1 | .103 |
| No | 97.1 | 83.3 | ||||
| Post-retirement work | Yes | 44.1 | 50 | 0.102 | 1 | .750 |
| No | 55.9 | 50 | ||||
| Health statues | Positive | 85.3 | 68.5 | 2.301 | 1 | .129 |
| Negative | 14.7 | 31.5 | ||||
| Carer | Yes | 32.4 | 51.9 | 2.473 | 1 | .116 |
| No | 67.6 | 48.1 | ||||
| Social support | Yes | 97.1 | 98.1 | 0.001 | 1 | 1.00 |
| No | 2.9 | 1.9 | ||||
| Psychopathology | Yes | 20.6 | 27.8 | 0.256 | 1 | .613 |
| No | 79.4 | 72.2 | ||||
| Partner | Yes | 70.6 | 40.7 | 6.302 | 1 | .012* |
| No | 29.4 | 59.3 | ||||
| Life alone | Yes | 11.8 | 40.7 | 7.081 | 1 | .008* |
| No | 88.2 | 59.3 | ||||
| CG: M (SD) | EG: M (SD) | t | df | p | CI (95%) | |
| Age | 64.53 (7.68) | 66.37(7.42) | − 1.11 | 86 | .267 | (− 5.11–1.43) |
| Service time | 24.67 (9.68) | 28.92 (10.03) | − 1.96 | 86 | .053 | (− 8.55–0.06) |
| Retirement time | 12.40 (10.17) | 13.91 (11.72) | − 0.620 | 86 | .537 | (− 6.36–3.34) |
| Perceived stress | 23.03 (6.67) | 22.43 (7.26) | 0.391 | 86 | .696 | (− 2.46–3.66) |
| Empathy | 93.68 (11.53) | 94.31 (10.05) | − 0.274 | 86 | .785 | (− 5.27–3.99) |
| General health | 23.18 (5.30) | 23.41 (6.49) | − 0.174 | 86 | .862 | (− 2.87–2.40) |
| Optimism | 24.26 (3.51) | 24.41 (3.84) | − 0.175 | 86 | .861 | (− 1.76–1.47) |
| Resilience | 139.38 (13.88) | 138.43 (21.95) | 0.227 | 86 | .821 | (− 7.42–9.33) |
| Life satisfaction | 26.47 (6.68) | 26.39 (5.68) | 0.061 | 86 | .951 | (− 2.56–2.73) |
