Psychology: Research and Review
Total group | Female | Male | t value | α | r | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | ||||
Instrumental support | 2.44 | 1.66 | 2.55 | 1.66 | 2.28 | 1.65 | 3.350*** | 0.73 | 0.54*** |
Emotional support | 2.84 | 1.79 | 3.01 | 1.78 | 2.60 | 1.77 | 4.901*** | 0.75 | 0.60*** |
Active coping | 3.80 | 1.55 | 3.82 | 1.52 | 3.76 | 1.59 | 0.824 | 0.65 | 0.48*** |
Planning | 3.43 | 1.62 | 3.41 | 1.58 | 3.47 | 1.68 | − 0.887 | 0.62 | 0.45*** |
Acceptance | 3.93 | 1.44 | 3.90 | 1.46 | 3.96 | 1.42 | − 0.933 | 0.53 | 0.37*** |
Self-distraction | 2.88 | 1.69 | 3.02 | 1.66 | 2.66 | 1.71 | 4.407*** | 0.58 | 0.40*** |
Denial | 1.33 | 1.58 | 1.50 | 1.64 | 1.08 | 1.43 | 5.777*** | 0.71 | 0.55*** |
Humor | 2.00 | 1.80 | 1.95 | 1.79 | 2.09 | 1.81 | − 1.662 | 0.80 | 0.67*** |
Self-blame | 2.07 | 1.61 | 2.05 | 1.65 | 2.10 | 1.55 | − 0.601 | 0.61 | 0.44*** |
Behavioral disengagement | 1.09 | 1.34 | 1.14 | 1.37 | 1.02 | 1.30 | 2.021* | 0.54 | 0.37*** |
Venting | 2.04 | 1.60 | 2.20 | 1.60 | 1.80 | 1.58 | 5.275*** | 0.66 | 0.50*** |
Positive reframing | 3.25 | 1.62 | 3.27 | 1.54 | 3.20 | 1.72 | 0.897 | 0.61 | 0.44*** |
Substance use | 0.64 | 1.29 | 0.60 | 1.24 | 0.71 | 1.36 | − 1.690 | 0.82 | 0.70*** |
Religion | 2.83 | 2.01 | 3.12 | 1.97 | 2.40 | 1.99 | 7.611*** | 0.79 | 0.65*** |