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Psychology: Research and Review

Table 4 Description of NTPT correction criteria according to writing process

From: Metacognitive interventions in text production and working memory in students with ADHD

NTPT correction criteria

Indicators by process

Score

Planning

Narrative elements**

1 point per element present in the text: introduction of subject matter, characters, ambiance, problem or purpose, action, denouement and emotions; (range=0–7).

Temporal sequence error*

1 point per each alteration in the chronological order of events.

Content errors/digressions*

1 point per one of off-topic statements.

Cohesion errors*

1 point per each incomplete and/or ambiguous reference by inadequate use or absence of connectives.

Planning errors

Sum of sequence, content, and cohesion errors.

Translation

Number of words*

1 point for words of the text.

Number of clauses*

1 point per clauses (1 point per unit composed by subject and predicate that included a personal form of a verb).

Words per clause*

Division of number of words by number of clauses.

Number of sentences

1 point per sentence.

Number of compound sentences

1 point per compound sentence (more than one clause).

Syntactic complexity*

Division between compound sentences and number of sentences.

Morphosyntactic errors*

1 point per error (agreement of gender, number, or between subject and verb; in the order of words in sentences; omissions, substitutions or additions of functional words [such as articles, prepositions, adverbs]).

Spelling errors*

1 point per spelling error (there can be more than one error in a word).

Correct words

1 point per word with no spelling errors.

Absolute spelling accuracy

Percentage of number of correct words in relation to number of words.

Relative spelling accuracy

Percentage of number of words spelled correctly and number of words that are not monosyllables.

Presentation errors*

1 point per error (erasures, illegible words, inadequacy as to capitalization, spacing and separation of words, etc.).

Paragraphing (organization of text content into paragraphs)

Considering the text in its entirety, assign: 1 for no division of paragraphs; 2 for inadequate paragraphing; 3, partially adequate paragraphing; and 4 for adequate punctuation (range=1–4).

Score

Considering the text in its entirety, assign: 1 for no punctuation; 2 for inadequate punctuation; 3 for partially adequate punctuation; and 4 for adequate punctuation (range=1–4).

Revision

Formal revisions*

1 point per each rewriting of illegible words, correction of punctuation, and correction of spelling.

Content revisions*

1 point per each addition, exclusion, shift, and transformation of word, sentence, or clause in attempting to improve the content.

Formal revision

Percentage of formal revisions in relation to total formal errors

Content revision

Percentage of content revisions in relation to total content errors

Revision*

Percentage of formal revisions and content revisions in relation to total revisions.

  1. Chart 1: Description of NTPT correction criteria according to writing process
  2. Source: Adaptation of the criteria proposed by Miranda, Soriano and Baixauli (2011)* and Costa and Boruchovitchb (2009)**