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Psychology: Research and Review

Table 4 Summary of the direct and indirect effects

From: Defender self-efficacy and moral disengagement on social support and bystander behaviors among primary school students: a multilevel moderated mediation model

Direct and indirect effects

Estimate

SE

95%CI

p

Social support → defender self-efficacy → outsider behavior

 − 0.01

0.02

 − 0.042, 0.039

0.953

Social support → moral disengagement → outsider behavior

 − 0.05

0.02

 − 0.095, − 0.021

0.004

Social support → defender self-efficacy → moral disengagement → outsider behavior

 − 0.02

0.01

 − 0.043, − 0.009

0.010