Table 2 Comparison of scores on the spiritual well-being, social support, self-esteem, life satisfaction, positive affects, negative affects, optimism, and hope between individuals with different degrees of depression (BDI-II) and the control group

Spiritual well-being

38.0 (16–48)^a

33.5 (15–38)^b

24.5 (17–31)^bc

17.0 (11–33)^c

13.0 (1–27)^d

< 0.001

93.97

Peace

13.0 (5–16)^a

10.5 (3–14)^b

7.5 (6–9)^c

5.0 (3–11)^c

3.0 (0–8)^d

< 0.001

92.59

Sense

13.0 (8–16)^a

11.0 (4–13)^b

6.5 (5–10)^bc

6.0 (4–11)^c

4.0 (0–9)^d

< 0.001

95.4

Faith

13.0 (3–16)^a

12.0 (7–12)^b

9.5 (6–13)^bc

7.0 (2–12)^c

6.0 (0–12)^c

< 0.001

76.37

Social support

100 (41–100)^a

76 (33–100)^ab

54 (20–100)^bc

40 (20–100)^bc

44 (20–100)^ec

< 0.001

76.93

Material

100 (20–100)^a

80 (20–100)^b

70 (20–100)^bc

60 (20–100)^cd

60 (20–100)^bcd

< 0.001

56.76

Affective

100 (46–100)^a

90 (40–100)^b

60 (20–100)^bc

40 (20–100)^c

40 (20–100)^c

< 0.001

86.03

Emotional

100 (40–100)^a

90 (25–100)^ab

45 (20–100)^bc

40 (20–100)^bc

40 (20–100)^c

< 0.001

78.06

Information

100 (40–100)^a

90 (20–100)^ab

40 (20–100)^bc

40 (20–100)^bc

40 (20–100)^c

< 0.001

78.41

Positive social interaction

100 (40–100)^a

60 (40–100)^b

40 (20–100)^bc

40 (20–100)^bc

20 (20–100)^c

< 0.001

83.59

Self-esteem

39 (30–40)^a

36.5 (17–40)^b

22 (16–31)^c

20 (13–33)^c

14 (10–26)^d

< 0.001

95.97

Life satisfaction

32 (12–35)^a

28 (14–32)^b

23 (19–28)^bc

20 (9–29)^cd

15 (5–24)^d

< 0.001

87.82

Positive affects

38 (27–48)^a

31 (19–47)^a

17 (11–28)^b

15 (10–30)^bc

13 (10–24)^bc

< 0.001

92.88

Negative affects

11 (10–41)^a

14 (10–24)^ab

18.5 (16–24)^bc

20 (13–35)^bcd

26 (15–35)^d

< 0.001

75.93

Optimism

24 (9–30)^a

24 (10–27)^ab

17 (7–24)^bc

11 (3–20)^c

6 (0–15)^d

< 0.001

83.47

Hope

38 (24–40)^a

34.5 (14–39)^ab

24 (20–31)^bc

20 (12–29)^c

16 (8–23)^d

< 0.001

94.25