Table 2 How can Case Study Evaluation-tool (CaSE) be used in psychotherapy research and practice?

1. Using CaSE for the assessment of specific systematic case studies and their relevance to the broader field of psychotherapy research and practice;

2. Using CaSE to evaluate the varying evidential quality of systematic case studies, which is particularly problematic for qualitative meta-analysis and meta-synthesis of published case studies in psychotherapy (Duncan & Sparks, 2020; Iwakabe & Gazzola, 2009; Thorne, Jensen, Kearney, Noblit, & Sandelowski, 2004);

3. Using CaSE to improve the evidential quality, formulation and implications of systematic case studies in psychotherapy.