Psychology: Research and Review
From: The importance of early life touch for psychosocial and moral development
Child outcomes by age | Anti-punishment attitudes | Positive touch | Lack of negative touch | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
6 months | 18-months | 30-months | 18-months | 30-months | |
18-month behavioral regulation | .02 (.75) | .15 (.03) | .07 (.33) | .24 (< .001) | .19 (.01) |
18-month social engagement | .23 (.001) | .10 (.14) | .09 (.22) | .10 (.15) | .20 (.004) |
18-month cooperation | .02 (.82) | -.03 (.71) | .04 (.61) | .08 (.27) | .17 (.02) |
30-month behavioral regulation | .08 (.27) | .11 (.13) | .07 (.31) | .02 (.77) | .30 (< .001) |
30-month social engagement | .13 (.07) | .06 (.44) | .24 (.001) | .04 (.57) | .22 (.002) |
30-month cooperation | .04 (.62) | − .01 (.86) | .09 (.23) | − .03 (.69) | .28 (< .001) |
24-month externalizing | − .20 (.002) | − .04 (.56) | .01 (.92) | − .14 (.04) | − .19 (.01) |
24-month internalizing | − .15 (.03) | .03 (.61) | .03 (.72) | − .02 (.80) | − .07 (.33) |
24-month competence | .18 (.01) | .14 (.04) | .11 (.14) | .09 (.20) | .17 (.02) |
36-month externalizing | − .11 (.12) | − .03 (.67) | − .16 (.02) | − .14 (.04) | − .14 (.04) |
36-month internalizing | − .11 (.13) | .04 (.57) | − .09 (.21) | − .12 (.08) | − .07 (.36) |
36-month competence | .13 (.07) | .22 (.002) | .11 (.13) | .15 (.04) | .15 (.04) |