Table 1 Descriptive and inferential statistics of data for the CG (n = 34) and EG (n = 54)

CG (%)

EG (%)

X ²

df

p

Gender

Female

70.6

88.9

3.54

1

.06

Male

29.4

11.1

Educational level

Up to high school

52.9

42.6

0.530

1

.467

Above high school

47.1

57.4

Retirement type

By age

23.5

9.3

3.42

2

.18

Time of service

55.9

68.5

Especial

20.6

22.2

PRPs

Yes

2.9

16.7

2.659

1

.103

No

97.1

83.3

Post-retirement work

Yes

44.1

50

0.102

1

.750

No

55.9

50

Health statues

Positive

85.3

68.5

2.301

1

.129

Negative

14.7

31.5

Carer

Yes

32.4

51.9

2.473

1

.116

No

67.6

48.1

Social support

Yes

97.1

98.1

0.001

1

1.00

No

2.9

1.9

Psychopathology

Yes

20.6

27.8

0.256

1

.613

No

79.4

72.2

Partner

Yes

70.6

40.7

6.302

1

.012*

No

29.4

59.3

Life alone

Yes

11.8

40.7

7.081

1

.008*

No

88.2

59.3

CG: M (SD)

EG: M (SD)

t

df

p

CI (95%)

Age

64.53 (7.68)

66.37(7.42)

− 1.11

86

.267

(− 5.11–1.43)

Service time

24.67 (9.68)

28.92 (10.03)

− 1.96

86

.053

(− 8.55–0.06)

Retirement time

12.40 (10.17)

13.91 (11.72)

− 0.620

86

.537

(− 6.36–3.34)

Perceived stress

23.03 (6.67)

22.43 (7.26)

0.391

86

.696

(− 2.46–3.66)

Empathy

93.68 (11.53)

94.31 (10.05)

− 0.274

86

.785

(− 5.27–3.99)

General health

23.18 (5.30)

23.41 (6.49)

− 0.174

86

.862

(− 2.87–2.40)

Optimism

24.26 (3.51)

24.41 (3.84)

− 0.175

86

.861

(− 1.76–1.47)

Resilience

139.38 (13.88)

138.43 (21.95)

0.227

86

.821

(− 7.42–9.33)

Life satisfaction

26.47 (6.68)

26.39 (5.68)

0.061

86

.951

(− 2.56–2.73)