Skip to main content

Psychology: Research and Review

Table 3 Primary and secondary outcome measures in the first phase of the protocol

From: Behavioral intervention for sleep problems in childhood: a Brazilian randomized controlled trial

 

Pre-treatment

Post-treatment

Follow-up 1 month

Follow-up 6 month

Group (control and intervention)* Time (pre- and post-intervention and follow-up)

Control

Intervention

Control

Intervention

Control

Intervention

Intervention

 

Mean (SD) N = 31

Mean (SD) N = 31

Mean (SD) N = 31

Mean (SD) N = 31

Mean (SD) N = 31

Mean (SD) N = 31

Mean (SD) N = 31

F

P

Cohen’s d (post)

Sleep questionnaires

 CSDS

10.1 (1.6)

9.8 (2.0)

9.9 (2.3)

2.2 (2.2)

10 (2.3)

2.2 (2.3)

2.1 (2.4)

103.64

.000

3.83 (2.96–4.71)

Sleep diary

 Sleep latency (min)

58.9 (32.4)

40.8 (27.0)

59.8 (31.3)

18.5 (14.2)

59.7 (34.5)

18.2 (13.4)

17.3 (10.4)

9.25

.000

1.53 (0.94–2.12)

 Number of night wakings

2.7 (1.7)

2.2 (1.2)

2.7 (1.5)

0.1 (0.3)

2.4 (1.6)

0.1 (0.2)

0.1 (0.2)

32.15

.000

0.64 (0.11–1.17)

 Total sleep time (h)

9.2 (1.3)

9.8 (1.0)

9.3 (1.1)

10.3 (1.2)

9.3 (1.3)

10.1 (1.2)

10.2 (1.2)

1.32

.274

0.91 (0.37–1.46)

Daytime functioning questionnaires

 Total Problem CBCL

62.3 (10.2)

62.7 (9.5)

61.8 (10.9)

52.6 (8.7)

62.8 (11)

52 (8.9)

50.5 (9.6)

22.71

.000

0.59 (0.06–1.12)

 Internalizing Problems CBCL

57.7 (10.4)

59.4 (10)

57.7 (10.8)

51 (10.1)

58.9 (10.8)

49.8 (10.7)

49.4 (10.5)

20.86

.000

0.37 (−0.14–0.89)

 Externalizing Problems CBCL

60.1 (11.3)

59.7 (10)

59.6 (11.6)

52.8 (8.3)

60.5 (11.8)

52.6 (8.8)

50.5 (9.2)

10.17

.000

0.29 (−0.22–0.81)

 

Mean (SD) N = 7

Mean (SD) N = 13

Mean (SD) N = 7

Mean (SD) N = 13

Mean (SD) N = 7

Mean (SD) N = 13

Mean (SD) N = 13

F

P

Cohen’s d (post)

Actigraphy

 Sleep latency (min)

3.0 (1.4)

3.5 (1.2)

4.9 (2.2)

2.2 (0.8)

3.1 (1.8)

2.4 (1.6)

3.3 (1.7)

10.68

.001

2.30 (1.04–3.57)

 Sleep efficiency (%)

83.6 (5.3)

86.4 (3.9)

85.6 (3.6)

86.8 (4.8)

84.6 (5,0)

87.6 (4.8)

90.9 (2.8)

0.51

 

 Wake after sleep onset (min)

84.8 (30.4)

74.3 (25.6)

69.0 (23.0)

69.9 (27.5)

71.9 (23.9)

66.1 (27.5)

46.2 (16.8)

0.82

 

 Total sleep time (min)

454.6 (59.6)

514.1(25.8)

462.1 (49.2)

492.1 (50.3)

436.3 (55.2)

504.2 (43.1)

523.4 (33.9)

0.52

 

  1. CSDS Composite Sleep Disturbance Score, CBCL Child Behavior Checklist
  2. *=versus