Psychology: Research and Review
From: Behavioral intervention for sleep problems in childhood: a Brazilian randomized controlled trial
Pre-treatment | Post-treatment | Follow-up 1 month | Follow-up 6 month | Group (control and intervention)* Time (pre- and post-intervention and follow-up) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | Intervention | Control | Intervention | Control | Intervention | Intervention | ||||
Mean (SD) N = 31 | Mean (SD) N = 31 | Mean (SD) N = 31 | Mean (SD) N = 31 | Mean (SD) N = 31 | Mean (SD) N = 31 | Mean (SD) N = 31 | F | P | Cohen’s d (post) | |
Sleep questionnaires | ||||||||||
CSDS | 10.1 (1.6) | 9.8 (2.0) | 9.9 (2.3) | 2.2 (2.2) | 10 (2.3) | 2.2 (2.3) | 2.1 (2.4) | 103.64 | .000 | 3.83 (2.96–4.71) |
Sleep diary | ||||||||||
Sleep latency (min) | 58.9 (32.4) | 40.8 (27.0) | 59.8 (31.3) | 18.5 (14.2) | 59.7 (34.5) | 18.2 (13.4) | 17.3 (10.4) | 9.25 | .000 | 1.53 (0.94–2.12) |
Number of night wakings | 2.7 (1.7) | 2.2 (1.2) | 2.7 (1.5) | 0.1 (0.3) | 2.4 (1.6) | 0.1 (0.2) | 0.1 (0.2) | 32.15 | .000 | 0.64 (0.11–1.17) |
Total sleep time (h) | 9.2 (1.3) | 9.8 (1.0) | 9.3 (1.1) | 10.3 (1.2) | 9.3 (1.3) | 10.1 (1.2) | 10.2 (1.2) | 1.32 | .274 | 0.91 (0.37–1.46) |
Daytime functioning questionnaires | ||||||||||
Total Problem CBCL | 62.3 (10.2) | 62.7 (9.5) | 61.8 (10.9) | 52.6 (8.7) | 62.8 (11) | 52 (8.9) | 50.5 (9.6) | 22.71 | .000 | 0.59 (0.06–1.12) |
Internalizing Problems CBCL | 57.7 (10.4) | 59.4 (10) | 57.7 (10.8) | 51 (10.1) | 58.9 (10.8) | 49.8 (10.7) | 49.4 (10.5) | 20.86 | .000 | 0.37 (−0.14–0.89) |
Externalizing Problems CBCL | 60.1 (11.3) | 59.7 (10) | 59.6 (11.6) | 52.8 (8.3) | 60.5 (11.8) | 52.6 (8.8) | 50.5 (9.2) | 10.17 | .000 | 0.29 (−0.22–0.81) |
Mean (SD) N = 7 | Mean (SD) N = 13 | Mean (SD) N = 7 | Mean (SD) N = 13 | Mean (SD) N = 7 | Mean (SD) N = 13 | Mean (SD) N = 13 | F | P | Cohen’s d (post) | |
Actigraphy | ||||||||||
Sleep latency (min) | 3.0 (1.4) | 3.5 (1.2) | 4.9 (2.2) | 2.2 (0.8) | 3.1 (1.8) | 2.4 (1.6) | 3.3 (1.7) | 10.68 | .001 | 2.30 (1.04–3.57) |
Sleep efficiency (%) | 83.6 (5.3) | 86.4 (3.9) | 85.6 (3.6) | 86.8 (4.8) | 84.6 (5,0) | 87.6 (4.8) | 90.9 (2.8) | 0.51 | – | |
Wake after sleep onset (min) | 84.8 (30.4) | 74.3 (25.6) | 69.0 (23.0) | 69.9 (27.5) | 71.9 (23.9) | 66.1 (27.5) | 46.2 (16.8) | 0.82 | – | |
Total sleep time (min) | 454.6 (59.6) | 514.1(25.8) | 462.1 (49.2) | 492.1 (50.3) | 436.3 (55.2) | 504.2 (43.1) | 523.4 (33.9) | 0.52 | – |