Psychology: Research and Review
From: Metacognitive interventions in text production and working memory in students with ADHD
Variables | Time | Mean score | ES | p value | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IG-Combined | IG-WM | General | Group | Time | Interaction | ||||||||
Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | ||||||||
Textual articulationa | 1 | 1.7 | aA | 0.1 | 1.8 | aA | 0.2 | 1.8 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.009 | < 0.001 | 0.002 |
2 | 3.1 | bA | 0.2 | 2.3 | bB | 0.2 | 2.7 | 0.12 | 1.0 | ||||
3 | 2.7 | cA | 0.2 | 2.0 | abB | 0.2 | 2.3 | 0.12 | 0.8 | ||||
General | 2.5 | 0.12 | 2.0 | 0.14 | |||||||||
Elements of the narrativea | 1 | 4.6 | 0.3 | 4.3 | 0.2 | 4.5a | 0.2 | 0.22 | 0.018 | < 0.001 | 0.448 | ||
2 | 6.0 | 0.2 | 5.2 | 0.3 | 5.6b | 0.2 | 0.83 | ||||||
3 | 5.7 | 0.2 | 4.9 | 0.2 | 5.3b | 0.2 | 0.69 | ||||||
General | 5.4 | A | 0.2 | 4.8 | B | 0.2 | |||||||
Denouementb | 1 | 0.8 | aA | 0.09 | 0.61 | aA | 0.1 | 0.68 | 0.07 | 0.3 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
2 | 1 | bA | 0 | 0.87 | aA | 0.07 | 1 | 0 | 0.5 | ||||
3 | 1 | bA | 0 | 0.85 | aB | 0.08 | 0 | 0 | 3.4 | ||||
Geral | 0.9 | 0 | 0.8 | 0.04 | |||||||||
Planning errorsa | 1 | 3.0 | 0.7 | 2.7 | 0.6 | 2.8 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.646 | < 0.001 | 0.112 | ||
2 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 2.9 | 0.5 | 2.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | ||||||
3 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 0.03 | ||||||
General | 1.9 | 0.3 | 2.1 | 0.4 | |||||||||
Text extensiona | 1 | 63.1 | 12.5 | 62.4 | 9.7 | 62.7 | 7.9 | 0.01 | 0.685 | < 0.001 | 0.822 | ||
2 | 89.3 | 7.7 | 86.6 | 9.2 | 87.9 | 6.0 | 0.06 | ||||||
3 | 65.5 | 8.3 | 56.9 | 7.7 | 61.1 | 5.7 | 0.2 | ||||||
General | 71.7 | 8.6 | 67.5 | 6.1 | |||||||||
Morphosyn-tactic errorsa | 1 | 3.5 | 0.5 | 4.7 | 0.6 | 4.1 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.243 | 0.024 | 0.699 | ||
2 | 5.1 | 0.7 | 5.8 | 0.8 | 5.4 | 0.5 | 0.2 | ||||||
3 | 3.8 | 0.5 | 4.2 | 0.6 | 4.0 | 0.4 | 0.2 | ||||||
General | 4.1 | 0.4 | 4.8 | 0.5 | |||||||||
Presentation errorsa | 1 | 7.7 | 1.0 | 9.4 | 1.2 | 8.5 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.137 | 0.001 | 0.317 | ||
2 | 11.2 | 1.5 | 18.0 | 4.9 | 14.2 | 2.1 | 0.4 | ||||||
3 | 8.0 | 1.1 | 7.9 | 1.3 | 7.9 | 0.9 | 0.01 | ||||||
General | 8.8 | 0.8 | 11.0 | 1.3 | |||||||||
Words/Clausesc | 1 | 5.5 | aA | 0.2 | 6.0 | aB | 0.2 | 5.7 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.580 | 0.265 | 0.030 |
2 | 5.6 | aA | 0.2 | 5.3 | bA | 0.1 | 5.5 | 0.1 | 0.5 | ||||
3 | 5.6 | aA | 0.3 | 5.7 | abA | 0.3 | 5.6 | 0.2 | 0.09 | ||||
General | 5.6 | 0.1 | 5.7 | 0.2 | |||||||||
Paragraphc | 1 | 1.8 | aA | 0.1 | 1.4 | aB | 0.1 | 1.6 | 0.1 | 0.6 | < 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.031 |
2 | 2.5 | bA | 0.2 | 1.5 | aB | 0.1 | 2.0 | 0.1 | 1.3 | ||||
3 | 2.1 | abA | 0.2 | 1.5 | aB | 0.1 | 1.8 | 0.1 | 0.8 | ||||
General | 2.1 | 0.1 | 1.5 | 0.1 | |||||||||
Punctuationc | 1 | 1.8 | 0.1 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 1.7 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.002 | 0.681 | 0.401 | ||
2 | 2.0 | 0.1 | 1.5 | 0.1 | 1.8 | 0.1 | 0.8 | ||||||
3 | 2.0 | 0.1 | 1.5 | 0.1 | 1.7 | 0.1 | 0.9 | ||||||
General | 1.9 | A | 0.1 | 1.5 | B | 0.1 | |||||||
Revisionc | 1 | 11.8 | 2.6 | 8.37 | 1.3 | 10.1 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 0.004 | < 0.001 | 0.198 | ||
2 | 23.8 | 3.6 | 13.1 | 2.4 | 18.5 | 2.1 | 0.7 | ||||||
3 | 23.2 | 4.2 | 11.9 | 2.2 | 17.6 | 2.3 | 0.7 | ||||||
General | 19.6 | A | 2.5 | 11.1 | B | 1.5 |