Table 1 Comparison of results from the measurement models

Null model

All the indicators are independent

Baseline model

Four factors

Model 1

Three factors: achievement goals and perception of successful agency were combined into one factor

Model 2

Three factors: achievement goals and life satisfaction were combined into one factor

Model 3

Three factors: achievement goals and emotion reappraisal were combined into one factor

Model 4

Three factors: perception of successful agency and life satisfaction were combined into one factor

Model 5

Three factors: perception of successful agency and emotion reappraisal were combined into one factor

Model 6

Three factors: emotion reappraisal and life satisfaction were combined into one factor