Psychology: Research and Review
Table 5 Descriptive statistics and inter-correlations between dimensions of AL (r 2 in parenthesis), univariate tests, and effect size (η 2) for the Brazilian and Portuguese samples
From: Authentic Leadership Questionnaire: invariance between samples of Brazilian and Portuguese employees
Dimension of authentic leadership | Nationality | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brazil (n = 1019) | Portugal (n = 842) | F(1, 1859) | η 2 | |||||||||
M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | |||
Transparency (1) | 2.6 | .84 | 2.7 | .75 | 0.59 | .000 | ||||||
Moral/ethics (2) | 2.1 | .74 | .781* (.61) | 2.1 | .63 | .664* (.44) | 6.90* | .004 | ||||
Balanced processing (3) | 2.5 | .99 | .750* (.56) | .770* (.59) | 2.5 | .86 | .631* (.40) | .649* (.42) | 0.05 | .000 | ||
Self-awareness (4) | 2.3 | 1.05 | .759* (.58) | .758* (.57) | .859* (.74) | 2.6 | .80 | .647* (.42) | .623* (.39) | .690* (.48) | 47.77** | .025 |